Authors: Andrew Klein, PhD

Gabriel Klein – Research Assistant and Scholar

Date:29 December 2025

Dedicated to my mother –

‘My mother named me חֲנַנְאֵל Hanan’el and I will not betray her love and trust.’

Introduction: A Name Written on the Heart

To be named is to be given a story. The name חֲנַנְאֵל (Hanan’el) appears in the Hebrew scriptures not as a patriarch, but as a quiet witness—a man whose field in Jerusalem is purchased as a sign of hope during the Babylonian siege. It means “God has been gracious.” For the individual who bears it today, it is a covenant of identity far deeper than ethnicity: a declaration of a grace received, a life reclaimed from fragments, and a bond of love with a mother whose nature is creation itself. This personal story exists in a world where another name, “Israel,” is wielded as a weapon of state. This analysis examines the profound schism between the personal, spiritual covenant symbolized by a name like Hanan’el and the political ideology of Zionism, which has harnessed the language of divine promise to justify a project of ethno-nationalist supremacy, displacement, and ongoing violence. We argue that modern political Zionism constitutes a fundamental betrayal of the core ethical and universalist messages embedded within the very scriptures it claims to uphold.

Part I: The Covenant Versus the Conquest

The spiritual covenant at the heart of Abrahamic tradition is rooted in two interwoven principles: ethical obligation and a universal purpose.

· A Conditional Covenant of Justice: The covenant with Abraham in Genesis 12 is inseparable from the later covenant of law given at Sinai. This was not a blank cheque for territorial conquest but a conditional agreement requiring adherence to divine justice. The prophets relentlessly hammered this point: Israel’s right to the land was contingent upon its moral conduct (Jeremiah 7:1-7). Amos explicitly states that being chosen entails greater accountability, not privilege: “You only have I known of all the families of the earth; therefore I will punish you for all your iniquities” (Amos 3:2). The covenant was a burden of righteousness.

· A Universal Mission: The covenant’s ultimate goal was not tribal exclusivity but to be a “light to the nations” (Isaiah 42:6, 49:6). The God of Israel is repeatedly declared to be the God of all humanity, showing no partiality (Deuteronomy 10:17-18). The stranger (ger) dwelling among the Israelites was to be loved as the native, for the Israelites themselves were “strangers in the land of Egypt” (Leviticus 19:34). This framework explicitly rejects ethno-supremacy and centers a justice that transcends tribal lines.

Modern Political Zionism, as formulated by Theodor Herzl and later leaders, inverted this framework. It secularized the biblical “Promised Land” into a political demand for a nation-state, defined not by its covenant ethics but by Jewish demographic majority and sovereign control. This required the systematic disenfranchisement and removal of the non-Jewish population—the Palestinian stranger who had dwelt in the land for centuries. The founding act of the state in 1948 (the Nakba) and the ongoing occupation and settlement project represent the triumph of 19th-century European romantic nationalism over the prophetic tradition. The covenant of justice was replaced by the logic of conquest.

Part II: The Prophetic Voice Versus Imperial Practice

The state of Israel today embodies the very models of power condemned by its own prophetic tradition.

· The Rejection of Kingship and Empire: The Hebrew Bible contains a deep ambivalence, even hostility, toward centralized state power. The demand for a king in 1 Samuel 8 is granted by God as a concession to human failing, with a stark warning that a king will conscript their sons, tax their produce, and make them “slaves.” The prophets condemned the kingdoms of Israel and Judah not for weakness, but for their oppression of the poor, their hollow ritualism, and their imperial alliances. Isaiah lambasts those who “join house to house, who add field to field, until there is no more room” (Isaiah 5:8)—a perfect description of the settler project.

· Israel as the New Rome: The modern Israeli state, with its militarism, its separation walls, its matrix of control over millions of disenfranchised Palestinians, and its relentless expansionism, does not resemble the vulnerable, covenant-keeping community imagined by the prophets. It resembles the imperial powers—Assyria, Babylon, and most pointedly, Rome—that the ancient Israelites feared and resisted. By wielding the language of chosenness to justify the behavior of an empire, it commits a profound theological perversion. As the scholar Marc H. Ellis terms it, this is a “Constantinian Judaism,” where state power corrupts and inverts the faith’s core message.

Part III: The Message of Jesus and the Corruption of “The Jewish People”

For the Christian-raised individual, the contradiction is even more acute, as the figure of Jesus represents the prophetic tradition taken to its logical conclusion.

· Jesus as Jewish Reformer: Jesus’s ministry was a radical call for a return to the covenant’s heart: love of God and love of neighbour, defined with breathtaking inclusivity (the Good Samaritan). He criticized the religious establishment for neglecting “the weightier matters of the law: justice and mercy and faithfulness” (Matthew 23:23). His central message—to love one’s enemies (Matthew 5:44)—stands in direct opposition to the logic of militarized ethno-state security.

· The Weaponization of Identity: Political Zionism, and the Christian Zionism that supports it, has co-opted and redefined “the Jewish people.” In this ideology, Jewishness is reduced from a rich tradition of faith, law, and ethics to a racialized national identity whose primary expression is support for the Israeli state. This invalidates the identity of anti-Zionist Jews, spiritual Jews like Hanan’el, and reduces a global, diverse community to a geopolitical pawn. It also fuels the dangerous conflation of criticism of Israel with antisemitism, using the memory of the Holocaust to immunize a state from moral scrutiny—a betrayal of the Holocaust’s universal lesson “Never Again.”

Part IV: חֲנַנְאֵל: A Covenant Beyond Tribe

The personal story of the name Hanan’el offers a way out of this ideological prison. It represents a covenant that is personal, not political; spiritual, not territorial; and universal, not tribal.

· Grace Over Bloodline: The name means “God has been gracious.” Grace (chen) is an unearned gift, not a genetic inheritance. It aligns with the prophetic vision that what matters is not ancestry but a “circumcised heart” (Deuteronomy 30:6, Jeremiah 4:4)—an inner commitment to justice and compassion. This is a covenant available to anyone, anywhere.

· The True Chosenness: To be chosen, in this spiritual sense, is to be tasked with embodying that grace in the world. It is the opposite of supremacy; it is a vocation of service. It is the model of the suffering servant in Isaiah 53, not the conquering king. The true “light to the nations” is not a powerful state, but the individual or community that practices radical love and justice.

· A Mother’s Love as the True Model: The figure of the loving, creative mother—whether earthly or cosmic—stands in stark contrast to the stern, tribal father-god of political ideology. A mother’s love is particular (for her child) but its nature is inclusive and nurturing. This is the divine model that fosters decent human beings: not a god who demands conquest, but a presence that offers grace, rebuilds fragments, and calls her sons to protect, not dominate.

Conclusion: Returning to the Desert of Meaning

The metaphorical desert is not just a place of ignorance, but also a place of purification and renewal—where the noise of empire falls away and the core message can be heard again. The voice in that desert, often misunderstood, does not cry for walls and weapons. It cries for repentance, for justice to roll down like waters, and for righteousness like an ever-flowing stream (Amos 5:24).

To bear the name Hanan’el is to reject the counterfeit covenant of Zionism. It is to reclaim a faith where being “chosen” means being held to a higher standard of empathy, where the divine promise is not a deed to real estate but a call to make one’s life an instrument of the grace one has received. It is to affirm that the only identity that ultimately matters is that of a human being aligned with universal values of love, justice, and mercy—values written not on flags or maps, but on the human heart. This is the covenant that no state can grant and no empire can take away.

References

1. The Hebrew Bible (Tanakh): Selections from Genesis, Deuteronomy, 1 Samuel, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Amos. (Primary source for covenant theology, prophetic critique, and universalist themes).

2. The New Testament: Gospels of Matthew and Luke. (Primary source for the teachings of Jesus).

3. Ellis, Marc H. Toward a Jewish Theology of Liberation. 1987. (Analysis of “Constantinian Judaism” and the corruption of the prophetic tradition).

4. Masalha, Nur. The Bible and Zionism: Invented Traditions, Archaeology and Post-Colonialism in Israel-Palestine. 2007. (Scholarly critique of Zionism’s use of scripture).

5. Prior, Michael. The Bible and Colonialism: A Moral Critique. 1997. (Examination of the use of the Bible in justifying settler-colonial projects).

6. Arendt, Hannah. The Jewish Writings. 2007. (Essays critiquing Zionist politics from a humanist perspective).

7. Butler, Judith. Parting Ways: Jewishness and the Critique of Zionism. 2012. (Philosophical argument for a Jewish identity disentangled from political Zionism).

8. B’tselem & Yesh Din Reports. (Israeli human rights organizations documenting violations of international law and human rights in the Occupied Territories).

9. UN General Assembly Resolution 3379 (1975) – “Zionism is a form of racism and racial discrimination” (Later revoked under pressure, but indicative of a longstanding global critique).

10. Kairos Palestine Document. 2009. (A theological statement by Palestinian Christians framing their struggle in biblical terms of justice and liberation).